A number is a mathematical
object used to count, label, and measure. In mathematics, the definition of number
has been extended over the years to include such numbers as 0, negative
numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and complex numbers.
Mathematical
operations are certain procedures
that take one or more numbers as input and produce a number as output. Unary operations take a single input number and produce
a single output number. For example, the successor operation adds 1 to an integer, thus the successor of 4 is 5. Binary operations take two input numbers and produce a
single output number. Examples of binary operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation. The study of numerical
operations is called arithmetic.
A
notational symbol that represents a number is called a numeral. In addition to their use in
counting and measuring, numerals are often used for labels (telephone numbers),
for ordering (serial numbers), and for codes (e.g., ISBNs).
In common
usage, the word number can mean the abstract object, the
symbol, or the word for the number. Source
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